前言： struts是一个优秀的MVC框架，一路走来，版本不断升级！Action的实现方式也一直在升级，本文章用一个简单的案例，简要介绍Action的几种实现方式！ 实现方式可分为两大类：属性驱动和模型驱动！其中属性驱动有三种实现方式（普通pojo类 实现Action接口 继承ActionSupport） 开发工具： MyEclipse10.0 Tomcat7 jdk 7 Chorm浏览器 案例说明： 用户在登陆界面（login.jsp），输入账号和密码，点击登陆按钮！如果账号密码匹配，进入欢迎界面（welcome.jsp）,如果账号密码出错，进入登陆失败界面（fail.jsp）!LoginAction负责处理用户请求！ ①struts2环境搭建： 1.新建工程导入相关jar包 2.配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name></display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 配置struts2核心Filter --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <!-- 所有的请求都会被struts2过滤器拦住，相当于引入struts2框架 --> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app> 1234567891011121314151617 12345678910111213141516173.配置struts.xml（没有配置action）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> </struts> 1234567 12345674.启动服务器，如果没有报错，证明环境搭建成功！ ②编写jsp页面 1.welcome.jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>登陆成功界面</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> 欢迎您，登陆成功！ </body> </html> 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272.fail.jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>登陆失败界面</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> 失败 </body> </html> 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425至此！准备工作完成！ 下面：开始介绍action的实现方式 方式一：普通pojo类 login.jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>登陆页面</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <form action="test/login" method="post"> 用户：<input type="text" name="username"><br> 密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br> <input type="submit" value="登陆"><br> </form> </body> </html> 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <package name="lee" extends="struts-default" namespace="/test"> <action name="login" class="action.LoginAction" method="execute"> <result name="success" type="dispatcher">/welcome.jsp</result> <result name="error" type="dispatcher">/fail.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts> 123456789101112 123456789101112LoginAction /是否包含属性并不重要，重要的是包含 setter和getter方法，因为系统是通过setter和getter方法来处理请求参数的，不是通过属性名来处理请求参数！/
package action; /** * 版本一 普通POJO类 * */ public class LoginAction { //私有属性 private String username; private String password; //struts2的拦截器机制 getter setter 方法负责解析用户请求参数 并且将请求参数值赋给action对应的属性 public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } //普通的execute方法 public String execute() throws Exception { if("test".equals(getUsername())&&"123".equals(getPassword())){ return "success"; }else{ return "error"; } } } 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233文件结构： 测试结果： 方式二：实现Action接口（只贴出LoginAction1代码，除struts.xml外其余和方式一完全一样！只需修改struts.xml action元素的class属性的值即可-将action.LoginAction改为action.LoginAction1）
package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action; /** * 版本二 实现Action接口 * */ public class LoginAction1 implements Action { //私有属性 private String username; private String password; //struts2的拦截器机制 getter setter 方法负责解析用户请求参数 并且将请求参数值赋给action对应的属性 public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } //execute方法,和方式一比较“success”变为SUCCESS ERROR变为ERROR public String execute() throws Exception { if("test".equals(getUsername())&&"123".equals(getPassword())){ return SUCCESS; }else{ return ERROR; } } } 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435测试结果：和方式一一样！ 方式三：继承ActionSupport（只贴出LoginAction2代码，除struts.xml外其余和方式一完全一样！只需修改struts.xml action元素的class属性的值即可-将action.LoginAction改为action.LoginAction2）
package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; /** * 版本三 继承ActionSupport * */ public class LoginAction2 extends ActionSupport { //私有属性 private String username; private String password; //struts2的拦截器机制 getter setter 方法负责解析用户请求参数 并且将请求参数值赋给action对应的属性 public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } //execute方法和方式二比较没变 public String execute() throws Exception { if("test".equals(getUsername())&&"123".equals(getPassword())){ return SUCCESS; }else{ return ERROR; } } } 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536测试结果：测试成功！ 方式一，方式二，方式三都属于属性驱动！ 什么是属性驱动？ 属性驱动就是使用属性作为贯穿MVC流程的信息携带者，依附于Action实例，Action实例封装请求参数和处理结果！ 方式四：模型驱动（新建User类，用来封装请求参数！LoginAction实现Action和ModelDriven接口） 关于模型驱动，就是使用单独的JavaBean实例来贯穿整个MVC流程，JavaBean实例封装请求参数和处理结果！ User类
package vo; import java.io.Serializable; public class User implements Serializable{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; //私有的请求参数 private String username; private String password; //私有的处理结果 public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public User() { super(); } public User(String username, String password) { super(); this.username = username; this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [username=" + username + ", password=" + password + "]"; } } 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940LoginAction3类
package action; import vo.User; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven; /** * 版本四 模型驱动 * */ public class LoginAction3 implements Action,ModelDriven<User> { //定义用于封装请求参数和处理结果的Model private User user=new User(); //execute方法和方式二比较没变 public String execute() throws Exception { if("test".equals(user.getUsername())&&"123".equals(user.getPassword())){ return SUCCESS; }else{ return ERROR; } } //重写getModel方法 @Override public User getModel() { return user; } } 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031只贴出LoginAction3和User代码，除struts.xml外其余和方式一完全一样！只需修改struts.xml action元素的class属性的值即可-将action.LoginAction改为action.LoginAction3 测试结果：成功！ 关于action类中属性种类的介绍： 1.HTTP请求参数！ 2.Action的处理结果！ 3.通过在Struts2配置文件中进行配置！
