Java多线程-线程池Executors

xiaoxiao2021-02-27  438

概览

博客地址 http://blog.csdn.net/qq_25806863

原文地址 http://blog.csdn.net/qq_25806863/article/details/71159452

通过上一篇对ThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法分析可以感受到,通过ThreadPoolExecutor来创建线程池是比较复杂的,参数比较多,考虑因素也多。

因此java自己提供了一个工厂类Executors,里面提供了一些方法,用来创建常用的几种ThreadPoolExecutor线程池。

下面是方法概览:

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); } public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>()); } public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() { return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>())); } public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) { return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize); }

分析

FixedThreadPool

FixedThreadPool调用的是ThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法。有下面两种使用方式:

//不带工厂的 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); } //带工厂的 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(), threadFactory); }

通过对ThreadPoolExecutor构造参数的分析可以看出来,这个线程池的最大线程数就是核心线程数,也就是没有非核心线程的存在。这些线程都是核心线程,即使在闲置状态也不会被回收,除非线程池关闭了,所以超时机制并没有用。他的任务队列是无界的LinkedBlockingQueue,因此超过核心线程数量的任务会放在队列中排队。

这样的线程池优点很明显,只会创建固定数量的线程,然后这些线程一直存活重用,不会有额外的创建和销毁线程的开销,能更快的执行任务。

测试

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); Runnable myRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run time: "+System.currentTimeMillis()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { executor.execute(myRunnable); }

创建一个固定大小为2的FixedThreadPool,然后添加6个任务,输出是:

pool-1-thread-2 run time: 1493863106021 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493863106021 pool-1-thread-2 run time: 1493863108022 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493863108022 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493863110026 pool-1-thread-2 run time: 1493863110027

可以看到这个线程池只会创建2个线程,其他的都在排队。

线程工厂

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2,new MyFactory()); Runnable myRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run time: "+System.currentTimeMillis()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { executor.execute(myRunnable); } } static class MyFactory implements ThreadFactory{ @Override public Thread newThread(@NonNull Runnable r) { Thread thread = new Thread(r); thread.setName("哈哈"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,3)); return thread; } }

创建一个工厂,自定义设置线程名字,然后在newFixedThreadPool时传入工厂,看输出

哈哈fea run time: 1493863498244 哈哈491 run time: 1493863498244 哈哈fea run time: 1493863500250 哈哈491 run time: 1493863500250 哈哈fea run time: 1493863502253 哈哈491 run time: 1493863502253

下面的工厂参数都是这样,就不在写了。

CachedThreadPool

CachedThreadPool也是用的ThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>()); } public static ScheduledExecutorService newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService (new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1, threadFactory)); }

分析这个参数可以看出,这个线程池没有核心线程,所有的线程都会在限制60秒后被回收。而且最大线程数为Integer.MAX_VALUE,相当于无限大。因为任务队列是SynchronousQueue,不会保存任何任务,所以当有新任务时,如果当前线程都在活动着,就会新建一个线程来执行任务。

这样的线程池的特点就是,适合执行大量的耗时短的任务。而且当所有任务执行完后,闲置超过60秒就会全部回收,这是线程池里就没有任何线程,不会占用系统资源。

测试

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); Runnable myRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run time: "+System.currentTimeMillis()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executor.execute(myRunnable); } Thread.sleep(30000); System.out.println("睡眠30秒后"); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executor.execute(myRunnable); } Thread.sleep(65000); System.out.println("再睡眠65秒后"); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executor.execute(myRunnable); }

先运行三个任务,30秒后再添加3个任务,再过65秒再添加3个任务。

pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493864065635 pool-1-thread-2 run time: 1493864065635 pool-1-thread-3 run time: 1493864065639 睡眠30秒后 pool-1-thread-3 run time: 1493864095637 pool-1-thread-2 run time: 1493864095637 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493864095637 再睡眠65秒后 pool-1-thread-5 run time: 1493864160643 pool-1-thread-4 run time: 1493864160643 pool-1-thread-6 run time: 1493864160643

可以看到一开始创建了3个线程,30秒后重用了这三个线程。但是再过65秒后,者三个线程就因为超时被回收了,所以新建了三个线程。

SingleThreadExecutor

SingleThreadExecutor使用new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService来创建线程池。但是其实通过一个委托调用了ThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() { return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>())); } public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(), threadFactory)); }

从ThreadPoolExecutor的构造参数依然可以看出,这个线程池仅有一个核心线程,其他的任务都在任务队列中排队。

这样的线程池会让所有的任务都在同一个线程中执行,避免的同步问题。

测试

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); Runnable myRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run time: "+System.currentTimeMillis()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executor.execute(myRunnable); } Thread.sleep(65000); System.out.println("睡眠65秒后"); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executor.execute(myRunnable); } pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493864476076 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493864478078 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493864480082 睡眠65秒后 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493864541080 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493864543083 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493864545087

自始至终都只有一个线程。而且不会被回收。

ScheduledThreadPool

ScheduledThreadPool使用new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor来创建

public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) { return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize); } public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool( int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory); }

看一下具体使用的构造参数:

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, DEFAULT_KEEPALIVE_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS, new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory); }

可以看到,这个线程池的核心线程数是固定的,但是总线程数是无限的,然而因为DelayedWorkQueue是个无界队列,所以这个值没有意义,超过核心线程的任务都会放在队列中。

ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor主要是用来执行定时任务和有周期性的重复任务。

这里就举个不恰当的例子,不是ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor的用法

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3); Runnable myRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run time: "+System.currentTimeMillis()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { executor.execute(myRunnable); } pool-1-thread-3 run time: 1493866372444 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493866372444 pool-1-thread-2 run time: 1493866372444 pool-1-thread-2 run time: 1493866374450 pool-1-thread-1 run time: 1493866374450 pool-1-thread-3 run time: 1493866374450

设置的是3,就只会创建3个线程。

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