Android系统启动流程(四)Launcher启动过程与系统启动流程

xiaoxiao2021-02-28  37

2017-02-23   ANDROID框架层   ANDROID框架层,  ANDROID系统启动

AndroidPIT-best-launchers-w782 (1)_副本.jpg

前言

此前的文章我们学习了init进程、Zygote进程和SyetemServer进程的启动过程,这一篇文章我们就来学习Android系统启动流程的最后一步:Launcher的启动流程,并结合本系列的前三篇文章的内容来讲解Android系统启动流程。建议读这篇文章前要通读本系列的前三篇文章,否则你可能不会理解我在讲什么。

1.Launcher概述

Android系统启动的最后一步是启动一个Home应用程序,这个应用程序用来显示系统中已经安装的应用程序,这个Home应用程序就叫做Launcher。应用程序Launcher在启动过程中会请求PackageManagerService返回系统中已经安装的应用程序的信息,并将这些信息封装成一个快捷图标列表显示在系统屏幕上,这样用户可以通过点击这些快捷图标来启动相应的应用程序。

2.Launcher启动流程

SyetemServer进程在启动的过程中会启动PackageManagerService,PackageManagerService启动后会将系统中的应用程序安装完成。在此前已经启动的ActivityManagerService会将Launcher启动起来。启动Launcher的入口为ActivityManagerService的systemReady函数,如下所示。frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java

private void startOtherServices() { ... mActivityManagerService.systemReady(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Slog.i(TAG, "Making services ready"); mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase( SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY); ... } ... }

在startOtherServices函数中,会调用ActivityManagerService的systemReady函数:frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback) { ... synchronized (this) { ... mStackSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(); mUserController.sendUserSwitchBroadcastsLocked(-1, currentUserId); } }

systemReady函数中调用了ActivityStackSupervisor的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked函数:frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStackSupervisor.java

boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked( ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target, ActivityOptions targetOptions) { if (targetStack != null && isFocusedStack(targetStack)) { return targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions);//1 } final ActivityRecord r = mFocusedStack.topRunningActivityLocked(); if (r == null || r.state != RESUMED) { mFocusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(null, null); } return false; }

在注释1处会调用ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked函数,ActivityStack对象是用来描述Activity堆栈的,resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked函数如下所示。frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java

boolean resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) { if (mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity) { // Don't even start recursing. return false; } boolean result = false; try { // Protect against recursion. mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = true; if (mService.mLockScreenShown == ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_LEAVING) { mService.mLockScreenShown = ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_HIDDEN; mService.updateSleepIfNeededLocked(); } result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);//1 } finally { mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = false; } return result; }

注释1调用了resumeTopActivityInnerLocked函数:

private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) { ... return isOnHomeDisplay() && mStackSupervisor.resumeHomeStackTask(returnTaskType, prev, "prevFinished"); ... }

resumeTopActivityInnerLocked函数的代码很长,我们截取我们要分析的关键的一句:调用ActivityStackSupervisor的resumeHomeStackTask函数,代码如下所示。frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStackSupervisor.java

boolean resumeHomeStackTask(int homeStackTaskType, ActivityRecord prev, String reason) { ... if (r != null && !r.finishing) { mService.setFocusedActivityLocked(r, myReason); return resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(mHomeStack, prev, null); } return mService.startHomeActivityLocked(mCurrentUser, myReason);//1 }

在注释1处调用了ActivityManagerService的startHomeActivityLocked函数,如下所示。frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

boolean startHomeActivityLocked(int userId, String reason) { if (mFactoryTest == FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL && mTopAction == null) {//1 return false; } Intent intent = getHomeIntent();//2 ActivityInfo aInfo = resolveActivityInfo(intent, STOCK_PM_FLAGS, userId); if (aInfo != null) { intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, aInfo.name)); aInfo = new ActivityInfo(aInfo); aInfo.applicationInfo = getAppInfoForUser(aInfo.applicationInfo, userId); ProcessRecord app = getProcessRecordLocked(aInfo.processName, aInfo.applicationInfo.uid, true); if (app == null || app.instrumentationClass == null) {//3 intent.setFlags(intent.getFlags() | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); mActivityStarter.startHomeActivityLocked(intent, aInfo, reason);//4 } } else { Slog.wtf(TAG, "No home screen found for " + intent, new Throwable()); } return true; }

注释1处的mFactoryTest代表系统的运行模式,系统的运行模式分为三种,分别是非工厂模式、低级工厂模式和高级工厂模式,mTopAction则用来描述第一个被启动Activity组件的Action,它的值为Intent.ACTION_MAIN。因此注释1的代码意思就是mFactoryTest为FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL(低级工厂模式)并且mTopAction=null时,直接返回false。注释2处的getHomeIntent函数如下所示。

Intent getHomeIntent() { Intent intent = new Intent(mTopAction, mTopData != null ? Uri.parse(mTopData) : null); intent.setComponent(mTopComponent); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_DEBUG_TRIAGED_MISSING); if (mFactoryTest != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL) { intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME); } return intent; }

getHomeIntent函数中创建了Intent,并将mTopAction和mTopData传入。mTopAction的值为Intent.ACTION_MAIN,并且如果系统运行模式不是低级工厂模式则将intent的Category设置为Intent.CATEGORY_HOME。我们再回到ActivityManagerService的startHomeActivityLocked函数,假设系统的运行模式不是低级工厂模式,在注释3处判断符合Action为Intent.ACTION_MAIN,Category为Intent.CATEGORY_HOME的应用程序是否已经启动,如果没启动则调用注释4的方法启动该应用程序。这个被启动的应用程序就是Launcher,因为Launcher的Manifest文件中的intent-filter标签匹配了Action为Intent.ACTION_MAIN,Category为Intent.CATEGORY_HOME。Launcher的Manifest文件如下所示。packages/apps/Launcher3/AndroidManifest.xml

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.android.launcher3"> <uses-sdk android:targetSdkVersion="23" android:minSdkVersion="16"/> ... <application ... <activity android:name="com.android.launcher3.Launcher" android:launchMode="singleTask" android:clearTaskOnLaunch="true" android:stateNotNeeded="true" android:theme="@style/Theme" android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustPan" android:screenOrientation="nosensor" android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|navigation" android:resumeWhilePausing="true" android:taskAffinity="" android:enabled="true"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.HOME" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.MONKEY"/> </intent-filter> </activity> ... </application> </manifest>

这样,应用程序Launcher就会被启动起来,并执行它的onCreate函数。

3.Launcher中应用图标显示流程

Launcher的onCreate函数如下所示。packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/Launcher.java

@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ... LauncherAppState app = LauncherAppState.getInstance();//1 mDeviceProfile = getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE ? app.getInvariantDeviceProfile().landscapeProfile : app.getInvariantDeviceProfile().portraitProfile; mSharedPrefs = Utilities.getPrefs(this); mIsSafeModeEnabled = getPackageManager().isSafeMode(); mModel = app.setLauncher(this);//2 .... if (!mRestoring) { if (DISABLE_SYNCHRONOUS_BINDING_CURRENT_PAGE) { mModel.startLoader(PagedView.INVALID_RESTORE_PAGE);//2 } else { mModel.startLoader(mWorkspace.getRestorePage()); } } ... }

注释1处获取LauncherAppState的实例并在注释2处调用它的setLauncher函数并将Launcher对象传入,LauncherAppState的setLauncher函数如下所示。packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/LauncherAppState.java

LauncherModel setLauncher(Launcher launcher) { getLauncherProvider().setLauncherProviderChangeListener(launcher); mModel.initialize(launcher);//1 mAccessibilityDelegate = ((launcher != null) && Utilities.ATLEAST_LOLLIPOP) ? new LauncherAccessibilityDelegate(launcher) : null; return mModel; }

注释1处会调用LauncherModel的initialize函数:

public void initialize(Callbacks callbacks) { synchronized (mLock) { unbindItemInfosAndClearQueuedBindRunnables(); mCallbacks = new WeakReference<Callbacks>(callbacks); } }

在initialize函数中会将Callbacks,也就是传入的Launcher 封装成一个弱引用对象。因此我们得知mCallbacks变量指的就是封装成弱引用对象的Launcher,这个mCallbacks后文会用到它。再回到Launcher的onCreate函数,在注释2处调用了LauncherModel的startLoader函数:packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/LauncherModel.java

... @Thunk static final HandlerThread sWorkerThread = new HandlerThread("launcher-loader");//1 static { sWorkerThread.start(); } @Thunk static final Handler sWorker = new Handler(sWorkerThread.getLooper());//2 ... public void startLoader(int synchronousBindPage, int loadFlags) {s InstallShortcutReceiver.enableInstallQueue(); synchronized (mLock) { synchronized (mDeferredBindRunnables) { mDeferredBindRunnables.clear(); } if (mCallbacks != null && mCallbacks.get() != null) { stopLoaderLocked(); mLoaderTask = new LoaderTask(mApp.getContext(), loadFlags);//3 if (synchronousBindPage != PagedView.INVALID_RESTORE_PAGE && mAllAppsLoaded && mWorkspaceLoaded && !mIsLoaderTaskRunning) { mLoaderTask.runBindSynchronousPage(synchronousBindPage); } else { sWorkerThread.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); sWorker.post(mLoaderTask);//4 } } } }

注释1处创建了具有消息循环的线程HandlerThread对象。注释2处创建了Handler,并且传入HandlerThread的Looper。Hander的作用就是向HandlerThread发送消息。在注释3处创建LoaderTask,在注释4处将LoaderTask作为消息发送给HandlerThread 。LoaderTask类实现了Runnable接口,当LoaderTask所描述的消息被处理时则会调用它的run函数,代码如下所示

private class LoaderTask implements Runnable { ... public void run() { synchronized (mLock) { if (mStopped) { return; } mIsLoaderTaskRunning = true; } keep_running: { if (DEBUG_LOADERS) Log.d(TAG, "step 1: loading workspace"); loadAndBindWorkspace();//1 if (mStopped) { break keep_running; } waitForIdle(); if (DEBUG_LOADERS) Log.d(TAG, "step 2: loading all apps"); loadAndBindAllApps();//2 } mContext = null; synchronized (mLock) { if (mLoaderTask == this) { mLoaderTask = null; } mIsLoaderTaskRunning = false; mHasLoaderCompletedOnce = true; } } ... }

Launcher是用工作区的形式来显示系统安装的应用程序的快捷图标,每一个工作区都是来描述一个抽象桌面的,它由n个屏幕组成,每个屏幕又分n个单元格,每个单元格用来显示一个应用程序的快捷图标。注释1处调用loadAndBindWorkspace函数用来加载工作区信息,注释2处的loadAndBindAllApps函数是用来加载系统已经安装的应用程序信息,loadAndBindAllApps函数代码如下所示。

private void loadAndBindAllApps() { if (DEBUG_LOADERS) { Log.d(TAG, "loadAndBindAllApps mAllAppsLoaded=" + mAllAppsLoaded); } if (!mAllAppsLoaded) { loadAllApps();//1 synchronized (LoaderTask.this) { if (mStopped) { return; } } updateIconCache(); synchronized (LoaderTask.this) { if (mStopped) { return; } mAllAppsLoaded = true; } } else { onlyBindAllApps(); } }

如果系统没有加载已经安装的应用程序信息,则会调用注释1处的loadAllApps函数:

private void loadAllApps() { ... mHandler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { final long bindTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); final Callbacks callbacks = tryGetCallbacks(oldCallbacks); if (callbacks != null) { callbacks.bindAllApplications(added);//1 if (DEBUG_LOADERS) { Log.d(TAG, "bound " + added.size() + " apps in " + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - bindTime) + "ms"); } } else { Log.i(TAG, "not binding apps: no Launcher activity"); } } }); ... }

在注释1处会调用callbacks的bindAllApplications函数,在前面我们得知这个callbacks实际是指向Launcher的,因此我们来查看Launcher的bindAllApplications函数,代码如下所示。packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/Launcher.java

public void bindAllApplications(final ArrayList<AppInfo> apps) { if (waitUntilResume(mBindAllApplicationsRunnable, true)) { mTmpAppsList = apps; return; } if (mAppsView != null) { mAppsView.setApps(apps);//1 } if (mLauncherCallbacks != null) { mLauncherCallbacks.bindAllApplications(apps); } }

在注释1处会调用AllAppsContainerView的setApps函数,并将包含应用信息的列表apps传进去,AllAppsContainerView的setApps函数如下所示。packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/allapps/AllAppsContainerView.java

public void setApps(List<AppInfo> apps) { mApps.setApps(apps); }

包含应用信息的列表apps已经传给了AllAppsContainerView,查看AllAppsContainerView的onFinishInflate函数:

@Override protected void onFinishInflate() { super.onFinishInflate(); ... // Load the all apps recycler view mAppsRecyclerView = (AllAppsRecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.apps_list_view);//1 mAppsRecyclerView.setApps(mApps);//2 mAppsRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLayoutManager); mAppsRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);//3 mAppsRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true); mAppsRecyclerView.addOnScrollListener(mElevationController); mAppsRecyclerView.setElevationController(mElevationController); ... }

onFinishInflate函数在加载完xml文件时就会调用,在注释1处得到AllAppsRecyclerView用来显示App列表,并在注释2处将apps的信息列表传进去,并在注释3处为AllAppsRecyclerView设置Adapter。这样应用程序快捷图标的列表就会显示在屏幕上。到这里Launcher启动流程就讲到这,接下来讲Android系统启动流程。

4.Android系统启动流程

那么结合本篇以及本系列的前三篇文章,我们就可以得出Android系统启动流程,如下所示。1.启动电源以及系统启动当电源按下时引导芯片代码开始从预定义的地方(固化在ROM)开始执行。加载引导程序Bootloader到RAM,然后执行。2.引导程序BootLoader引导程序BootLoader是在Android操作系统开始运行前的一个小程序,它的主要作用是把系统OS拉起来并运行。3.Linux内核启动内核启动时,设置缓存、被保护存储器、计划列表、加载驱动。当内核完成系统设置,它首先在系统文件中寻找init.rc文件,并启动init进程。4.init进程启动初始化和启动属性服务,并且启动Zygote进程。5.Zygote进程启动创建JavaVM并为JavaVM注册JNI,创建服务端Socket,启动SystemServer进程。6.SystemServer进程启动启动Binder线程池和SystemServiceManager,并且启动各种系统服务。7.Launcher启动被SystemServer进程启动的ActivityManagerService会启动Launcher,Launcher启动后会将已安装应用的快捷图标显示到界面上。

结合上面的流程,给出Android系统启动流程图:

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