Oracle维护常用SQL语句

查找数据库中所有字段  以对应的表 select C.column_name,C.TABLE_NAME from dba_tab_columns C where owner='' 查每个科目class 分数scro前三名 select id, name, class, scro    from (select row_number() over(partition by class order by scro desc)  cnt,                 id,                 name,                 class,                 scro            from student) a   where a.cnt <= 3; 查找排序后的前三行   select *   from (select rw.*, rownum           from (select *                   from student d                  where d.class = 'b'                  order by d.scro desc) rw          where rw.id >= 1          order by rw.class desc) n where rownum <= 3 表复制 insert into table_a (id,name,age) select b.id,b.name,b.age from table_b; --删除表数据的触发器 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE delete_data IS BEGIN    delete from test ;    COMMIT; EXCEPTION    WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND    THEN       NULL;    WHEN OTHERS    THEN       RAISE; END delete_data; --定时删除  每隔5分钟执行一次的计划 DECLARE   X NUMBER; BEGIN   SYS.DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT   ( job       => X    ,what      => 'delete_data;'    ,next_date => to_date('25/08/2008 00:00:00','dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss')    ,interval  => 'sysdate+1/24/12'    ,no_parse  => FALSE   );   SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Job Number is: ' || to_char(x)); COMMIT; END; --查看当前oracle计划 select job,next_date,next_sec,failures,broken from user_jobs; --删除一个job begin dbms_job.remove(46);--46为job号 end; --给新表插入旧表对应字段的所有数据 insert into aaa(id,name) select b.id,b.name from bbb; 文章搜索：     【点击打包该文章】 【到本站论坛,与同行交流】 select * from all_users;                ##查看所有用户 select name from v$database;             ##查看当前数据库 database test;                    ##进入test数据库 select * from v$instance;                ##查看所有的数据库实例 shutdown immediate                ##关闭数据库 alter user sys identified by new_password;        ##更改用户密码 select username,password from dba_users; ##查看当实例中的用户和密码 show parameter control_files;           ## 查看控制文件; select member from v$logfile;        ##查看日志文件 show parameter ;                 ## 查看数据库参数 select * from user_role_privs;        ##查看当前用户的角色 select username,default_tablespace from user_users; ##查看当前用户的缺省表空间 alter user system identified by [password]        ##修改用户的密码 ALTER USER "SCOTT" ACCOUNT UNLOCK                 ##解锁SCOTT用户 show parameter processes;                    ##查看最大会话数 查看当前库的所有数据表： SQL> select TABLE_NAME from all_tables; select * from all_tables; SQL> select table_name from all_tables where table_name like ‘u’; TABLE_NAME———————————————default_auditing_options 查看表结构：desc all_tables; 创建用户并赋予权限 ###----------------------------创建用户并赋予权限------------------------------------####- create user mpss   identified by "mpss12"   default tablespace TS_MPSS_DATA   temporary tablespace TEMP;     给用户赋予权限 grant connect to mpss; grant resource,create session to mpss;  开发角色 grant create procedure to dbuser； ＃这些权限足够用于开发及生产环境 给用户授权 grant dba to spms;--授予DBA权限 grant unlimited tablespace to lxg;--授予不限制的表空间 grant select any table to lxg;--授予查询任何表 grant select any dictionary to lxg;--授予 查询 任何字典 删除用户 drop user mpss cascade; 建表空间 ###---------------------------------建表空间------------------------------------####- ================建立表空间============================ CREATE TABLESPACE "TS_MPSS_DATA"     LOGGING     DATAFILE '/mpss/data/ts_mpss_data.dbf' SIZE 1024M     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT  AUTO ===================================================== =================建立临时表空间============================ CREATE     TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "SWVIP" TEMPFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/     sworacle/SWVIP.dbf' SIZE 5M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM     SIZE 1M ===================================================== create tablespace TS_MPSS_DATA datafile '/mpss/data/ts_mpss_data.bdf ' size 1024m autoextend on ;      ###autoextend on 自动扩展 ###------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####- 查看表空间 ###----------------------------查看表空间大小------------------------------------####- SELECT D.TABLESPACE_NAME "Name", TO_CHAR(((((A.BYTES - DECODE(F.BYTES, NULL, 0, F.BYTES)) / 1024 / 1024)) /(A.BYTES / 1024 / 1024))*100,'99,990.9')  "used(%)", TO_CHAR((DECODE(F.BYTES, NULL, 0, F.BYTES) / 1024 / 1024),'999,990.9') "Free (M)" FROM SYS.DBA_TABLESPACES D, SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A, SYS.SM$TS_FREE F WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = A.TABLESPACE_NAME AND F.TABLESPACE_NAME (+) = D.TABLESPACE_NAME; ###--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####- SELECT D.TABLESPACE_NAME,SPACE "SUM_SPACE(M)",BLOCKS SUM_BLOCKS,SPACE-NVL(FREE_SPACE,0) "USED_SPACE(M)", ROUND((1-NVL(FREE_SPACE,0)/SPACE)*100,2) "USED_RATE(%)",FREE_SPACE "FREE_SPACE(M)" FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024),2) SPACE,SUM(BLOCKS) BLOCKS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) D, (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024),2) FREE_SPACE FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME(+) UNION ALL --if have tempfile SELECT D.TABLESPACE_NAME,SPACE "SUM_SPACE(M)",BLOCKS SUM_BLOCKS, USED_SPACE "USED_SPACE(M)",ROUND(NVL(USED_SPACE,0)/SPACE*100,2) "USED_RATE(%)", NVL(FREE_SPACE,0) "FREE_SPACE(M)" FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024),2) SPACE,SUM(BLOCKS) BLOCKS FROM DBA_TEMP_FILES GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) D, (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES_USED)/(1024*1024),2) USED_SPACE, ROUND(SUM(BYTES_FREE)/(1024*1024),2) FREE_SPACE FROM V$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME(+) ;   查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小;   ###--------------------表空间物理文件的名称及大小------------------------####-   select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,     round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space     from dba_data_files     order by tablespace_name; ###------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####-       查看数据文件放置的路径 ###------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####-   SQL> col file_name format a50 SQL> select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name from dba_data_files order by file_id; ###------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####-       查看数据库库对象     select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status; 用系统管理员，查看当前数据库有几个用户连接： SQL> select username,sid,serial# from v$session; 扩表空间 ###------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####- alter tablespace G000 add datafile '/dev/vgbilling/rg000_lv03' SIZE 7500m; 给表G000增加一个7500m的逻辑卷'/dev/vgbilling/rg000_lv03' ###------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####- 检查被长时间锁的对象 ###------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####- SQL>select a.session_id,a.process,a.locked_mode,b.object_name,b.object_type,b.status from v$locked_object a,dba_objects b where a.object_id=b.object_id; ###------------------------------------------------------------------------------------####- 文章出处：http://www.diybl.com/course/7_databases/oracle/Oracleshl/200899/141376.html sys用户登陆 创建表空间： SQL> create tablespace lmsstemp datafile 'F:\ORADATA\LMSS\LMSSTEMP01.DBF' SIZE 1 024M extent management local; 给表空间增加数据文件 alter tablespace lmsstemp add datafile 'F:\ORADATA\LMSS\LMSSTEMP02.DBF' SIZE 1 024M; 更改表空间为自动扩展 SQL> alter database datafile 'F:\ORADATA\LMSS\LMSSTEMP01.DBF' autoextend on; 查看表空间信息 SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name,autoextensible from dba_data_files; 授权：     create any table to leon -- Create the user （用sys执行） create user xx  identified by xx123 default tablespace lmss temporary tablespace TEMP profile DEFAULT; -- Grant/Revoke role privileges （用sys执行） grant connect to xx; --创建视图给hy用户（用leon用户） create or replace view view_tableName as select column。。。 from table; -- Grant/Revoke object privileges grant select, update on RES_XIM_CARD to hy; --创建同义词 create synonym RES_XIM_CARD for YY.RES_XIM_CARD ;

 

 

 

 

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在Oracle中查询表的大小和表空间的大小

有两种含义的表大小。 1. 一种是分配给一个 表的物理空间数量，而不管空间是否被使用。可以这样查询获得字节数： select segment_name, bytes from user_segments where segment_type = 'TABLE'  order by bytes desc;   或者  Select Segment_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024 From User_Extents Group By Segment_Name order by sum(bytes) desc; 另一种表 实际使用的空间。这样查询： analyze table T_TICKET compute statistics; select (num_rows * avg_row_len)/1024/1024 from user_tables where table_name = 'T_TICKET';

1、查看表空间的名称及大小

　　select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size 　　from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d 　　where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name 　　group by t.tablespace_name; 　　 　　2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小 　　select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, 　　round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space 　　from dba_data_files 　　order by tablespace_name; 　　 　　3、查看回滚段名称及大小 　　select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, 　　(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, 　　max_extents, v.curext CurExtent 　　From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v 　　Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) 　　order by segment_name ; 　　 　　4、查看控制文件 　　select name from v$controlfile; 　　 　　5、查看日志文件 　　select member from v$logfile; 　　 　　6、查看表空间的使用情况 　　select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name 　　from dba_free_space 　　group by tablespace_name; 　　 　　SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, 　　(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" 　　FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C 　　WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME; 　　 　　7、查看数据库库对象 　　select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status; 　　 　　8、查看数据库的版本　 　　Select version FROM Product_component_version 　　Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

 

 

9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式 　　Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 　　 　　10、捕捉运行很久的SQL 　　column username format a12 　　column opname format a16 　　column progress format a8 　　 　　select username,sid,opname, 　　round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) 　　 '%' as progress, 　　time_remaining,sql_text 　　from v$session_longops , v$sql 　　where time_remaining <> 0 　　and sql_address = address 　　and sql_hash_value = hash_value 　　/ 　　 　　11、查看数据表的参数信息 　　SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name, 　　pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent, 　　next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS, 　　freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks, 　　empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size, 　　last_analyzed 　　FROM dba_tab_partitions 　　--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner 　　ORDER BY partition_position 　　 　　12、查看还没提交的事务 　　select * from v$locked_object; 　　select * from v$transaction; 　　 　　13、查找object为哪些进程所用 　　select 　　p.spid, 　　s.sid, 　　s.serial# serial_num, 　　s.username user_name, 　　a.type object_type, 　　s.osuser os_user_name, 　　a.owner, 　　a.object object_name, 　　decode(sign(48 - command), 　　1, 　　to_char(command), 'Action Code #' 　　 to_char(command) ) action, 　　p.program oracle_process, 　　s.terminal terminal, 　　s.program program, 　　s.status session_status 　　from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p 　　where s.paddr = p.addr and 　　s.type = 'USER' and 　　a.sid = s.sid and 　　a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR' 　　order by s.username, s.osuser 　　 　　14、回滚段查看 　　select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents 　　Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, 　　v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, 　　sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, 　　v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and 　　v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum 　　 　　15、耗资源的进程（top session） 　　select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, 　　to_char(command), 'Action Code #' 　　 to_char(command) ) action, status 　　session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num, 　　nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal, 　　s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$processp 　　where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL' 　　or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc

 

select se.username,se.machine,sq.cpu_time,sq.sql_text fromv$process p,v$session se,v$sqlarea sqwhere p.addr=se.paddr and se.sql_hashvalue=sq.hash_value and p.addr='&pid';

 

SELECT p.pid,p.spid,s.sid,p.username,s.TYPE,         s.SERIAL#,s.SCHEMANAME,s.OSUSER,s.MACHINE,         s.PROCESS,p.PROGRAM,s.MODULE,s.STATUS,         s.terminal,logon_timeFROM v$process p, v$session sWHERE p.addr=s.paddrand spid ='1712258'; 

 

下面的句子列出cpu_time占用top 10的sql

select cpu_time,sql_textfrom (select sql_text,cpu_time, rank() over (order by cpu_time desc) exec_rank from v$sql      )where exec_rank <=10;

 

执行次数最多的top 10

select sql_text,executionsfrom (select sql_text,executions,   rank() over    (order by executions desc) exec_rank   from v$sql)where exec_rank <=10;